Labour Costs in Central & Eastern Europe - edition 2009
An essential part of the report is a five-year forecast of labour costs and earnings trends in the region’s 13 economies.
The report contains:
- Comparative analysis of average earnings, labour costs and labour-related taxes.
- Analysis of earnings and costs on a regional level, by sectors of the economy and by sub-sectors of the manufacturing sector.
- Analysis of economic, labour market and exchange rates trends influencing labour cost developments in the region.
- A unique forecast of labour costs and earnings in a five-year period perspective until 2013.
Sources of data include national statistical offices, the International Labour Organization, Eurostat, CE Research/Database CE.
Countries covered: Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia and Ukraine.
Contains: 112 pages, 55 tables, 78 figures, 8 maps
Publication Date: June 2009
Limited License: € 400.00
Enterprise License: € 800.00
Format: PDF file
Delivery: electronically, within 1 day
Sample Pages
Table of Contents
Table of ContentsList of Tables
List of Figures
Executive Summary
Economic Outlook
Structure of Labour Costs
Data and Methodology
Average Gross Earnings in the Economy
Average Net Earnings in the Economy
Statutory Minimum Wages
Obligatory Social Security Contributions
Average Labour Costs in the Economy
Labour Costs and Earnings by Sectors of the Economy
Labour Costs and Earnings in Manufacturing
Labour Costs and Earnings by Regions
Capital city vs. Rest of the country
Labour Costs and Earnings by Ownership Sectors
Fundamentals of Labour Costs Dynamics in CEE
Catch up in the real value of earnings
Convergence of price levels
Productivity in the industrial sector
Impact of emigration on labour markets
Convergence story in CEE vs. global economic crisis
Forecast 2013
Economic performance
Labour market
Real earnings
Exchange rates
Results
Sources
Box 1 How Do Nominal Earnings In CEE Compare With Other Emerging And Lower Tier Developed Markets?
Box 2 GDP Per Capita In Major Cities
List of Tables
Table 2. GDP forecast by IMF, EU and actual growth in Q1 2009, CEE countries 2009-2013
Table 3. Selected economic indicators, CEE countries 2008
Table 4. Selected financial indicators, CEE countries 2008
Table 5. Sovereign ratings Fitch and S&P, June 2009
Table 6. Unemployment rates, CEE countries 2004-2008
Table 7. Exports as a share of global exports 1998 and 2008
Table 8. Average monthly gross earnings, CEE countries 2008
Table 9. Average monthly gross earnings in Euro, CEE countries 2004-2008
Table 10. Average monthly gross earnings in USD, CEE countries 2004-2008
Table 11. Year on year growth of real average gross earnings, CEE countries 2004-2008
Table 12. Average monthly gross earnings in local currency units, CEE countries 2004-2008
Table 13. Average monthly gross earnings in US$, selected countries 2008
Table 14. Average monthly net earnings, selected CEE countries 2008
Table 15. Statutory minimum gross monthly wages, CEE countries, January 1st 2008
Table 16. Statutory minimum gross monthly wages, CEE countries, January 1st 2009
Table 17. Statutory minimum monthly wages on January 1st local currency units, CEE countries 2004-2008
Table 18. Statutory minimum monthly wages on January 1st Euro, CEE countries 2004-2008
Table 19. Statutory minimum monthly wages on January 1st US dollars, CEE countries 2004-2008
Table 20. Rates of obligatory social security contributions, CEE countries 2008
Table 21. Average monthly labour costs, CEE countries 2008
Table 22. Cross comparison of average monthly labour costs in CEE countries 2008
Table 23. Average monthly labour costs in local currency, CEE countries 2004-2008
Table 24. Average monthly labour costs in Euro, CEE countries 2004-2008
Table 25. Average monthly labour costs in US dollars, CEE countries 2004-2008
Table 26. Average real labour costs, CEE countries 2004-2008
Table 27. Average gross earnings and labour costs in Financial Intermediation and Hotels and Restaurants sections, in Euro, CEE countries 2008
Table 28. Average monthly gross earnings in Euro by NACE sections, CEE countries 2008
Table 29. Average monthly labour cost in Euro by NACE sections, CEE countries 2008
Table 30. Average monthly labour costs and earnings in Manufacturing sector, CEE countries 2008
Table 31. Average monthly gross earnings in Euro by sub-sections and divisions of manufacturing, selected countries 2008
Table 32. Average monthly labour costs in Euro by sub sections and divisions of manufacturing, selected countries 2008
Table 33. Regions with highest and lowest average gross earnings, CEE countries 2008
Table 34. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in capital cities, CEE countries 2008
Table 35. Gross earnings in capital and in the rest-of-the-country, CEE 2008
Table 36. Labour costs in capital and in the rest-of-the-country, CEE 2008
Table 37. GDP per capita in selected European cities 2006, EU27=100
Table 38. Average monthly gross earnings in private and public sector in percent of national average, selected countries 2008
Table 39. Average gross earnings and labour costs in foreign owned enterprises, selected countries 2008
Table 40. Average gross earnings at purchasing power, based on purchasing power for GDP, 2008
Table 41. Average gross earnings at purchasing power, based on purchasing power for individual consumption, 2007
Table 42. Price convergence potential, CEE countries 2007
Table 43. Industrial output, employment and productivity 1999-2008, CEE and selected developed markets, 1999=100
Table 44. Workers from CEE-8 registered in the UK and Ireland until March/May 2009
Table 45. Registrations on British islands as proportion of labour force and unemployment
Table 46. Convergence with EU-15 as measured by change in GDP per capita at purchasing power parity 1998-2008
Table 47. Assumptions regarding GDP growth rates (in percent) 2009-2013
Table 48. Unemployment rates (ILO methodology), CEE countries 2009-2013
Table 49. Changes in Euro value of earnings and labour costs in percent, CEE countries 2009-2013
Table 50. Average gross earnings and labour costs in economy, 2008 and 2013 in constant 2008 Euro
Table 51. Average gross earnings and labour costs in manufacturing sector, 2008 and 2013, in constant 2008 Euro
Table 52. Cross comparison of average monthly gross earnings in the economy, CEE countries 2013
Table 53. Cross comparison of average monthly labour costs in the economy, CEE countries 2013
Table 54. Cross comparison of average monthly gross earnings in the manufacturing sector, CEE countries 2013
Table 55. Cross comparison of average monthly labour costs in the manufacturing sector, CEE countries 2013
List of Figures
Figure 1. Growth of GDP year-on-year in percent, CEE countries, Q1 2008
Figure 2. Growth of industrial output year-on-year in percent, CEE countries, Q1 2008
Figure 3. Effective appreciation against Euro in percent, CEE countries, 1999-2008
Figure 4. Exchange rate against Euro, selected CEE countries January 2008–May 2009
Figure 5. Current account balance (in % GDP), CEE countries 2008
Figure 6. Gross external debt (in % GDP), CEE countries 2008
Figure 7. Unemployment rate, selected countries April 2009
Figure 8. Structure of labour costs
Figure 9. Increase in average monthly gross earnings in USD terms in percent over previous year, CEE countries, 2008
Figure 10. Increase in average monthly gross earnings in Euro terms in percent over previous year, CEE countries, 2008
Figure 11. Average monthly gross earnings in the economy in Euro, CEE countries, 2003 and 2008
Figure 12. Total increase of real average earnings, in percent, CEE countries 2004-2008
Figure 13. Compound average rates of growth of real, nominal, Euro and USD gross monthly earn
Figure 14. Average monthly net earnings in Euro, selected CEE countries 2008
Figure 15. Share of net earnings in gross earnings and in labour cost, in percent, selected CEE countries 2008
Figure 16. Minimum monthly wages in Euro and USD, CEE countries January 1st 2009
Figure 17. Minimum monthly wages as of January 1st 2009 in percent of average gross earnings 2008, CEE countries
Figure 18. Minimum monthly wages in Euro, CEE countries in 2003 and 2008
Figure 19. Employees receiving minimum wages, in percent, selected countries 2006
Figure 20. Implied share of obligatory social security contributions in labour costs, CEE countries
Figure 21. Average monthly labour costs in Euro, CEE countries, 2003 and 2008
Figure 22. Estimated labour costs per hour actually worked, CEE countries 2008
Figure 23. Earnings in Financial Intermediation as % of earnings in Hotels and Restaurants, selected countries 2008
Figure 24. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Mining and quarrying (section C) in Euro, 2008
Figure 25. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Electricity, gas and water supply (section E) in Euro, 2008
Figure 26. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Construction (section F) in Euro, 2008
Figure 27. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Wholesale and retail trade, repair (section G) in Euro, 2008
Figure 28. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Hotels and restaurants (section H) in Euro, 2008Figure 29. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Transport, storage and communication (section I) in Euro, 2008
Figure 30. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Financial intermediation (section J) in Euro, 2008
Figure 31. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Real estate, renting and business services (section K) in Euro, 2008
Figure 32. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Public administration (section L) in Euro, 2008
Figure 33. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Education (section M) in Euro, 2008
Figure 34. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Health and social work (section N) in Euro, 2008
Figure 35. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Other services (section O) in Euro, 2008
Figure 36. Average monthly labour costs and gross earnings in Euro in Manufacturing, CEE 2008
Figure 37. Estimated hourly labour costs and gross earnings in Euro in Manufacturing, CEE 2008
Figure 38. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Euro in Food Products And Beverages (section 15 NACE)
Figure 39. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Euro in Tobacco Products (section 16 NACE)
Figure 40. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Euro in Textiles (section 17 NACE)
Figure 41. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Euro in Wearing Apparel; Dressing And Dyeing Of Fur (section 18 NACE)
Figure 42. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Euro in Leather And Leather Products (section DC NACE)
Figure 43. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Euro in Wood And Wood Products (section DD NACE)
Figure 44. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Euro in Paper And Paper Products (section 21 NACE)
Figure 45. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Euro in Publishing, Printing And Reproduction Of Recorded Media (section 22 NACE)
Figure 46. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Euro in Coke, Refined Petroleum Products And Nuclear Fuel (section DF NACE)
Figure 47. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Euro in Chemicals, Chemical Products And Man-Made Fibres (section DG NACE)
Figure 48. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Euro in Rubber And Plastic Products (section DH NACE)
Figure 49. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Euro in Other Non-Metallic Mineral Products (section DI NACE)
Figure 50. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Euro in Basic Metals (section 27 NACE)
Figure 51. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Euro in Fabricated Metal Products Except Machinery And Equipment (section 28 NACE)
Figure 52. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Euro in Machinery And Equipment n. e. c. (section DK NACE)
Figure 53. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Euro in Office Accounting And Computing Machinery (section 30 NACE)
Figure 54. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Euro in Electrical Machinery And Apparatus n.e.c. (section 31 NACE)
Figure 55. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Euro in Radio, Television And Communication Equipment And Apparatus (section 32 NACE)
Figure 56. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Euro in Medical, Precision And Optical Instruments, Watches And Clocks (section 33 NACE)
Figure 57. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Euro in Motor Vehicles, Trailers And Semi-trailers (section 34 NACE)
Figure 58. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Euro in Other Transport Equipment (section 35 NACE)
Figure 59. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Euro in Furniture; Manufacturing n.e.c. (section 36 NACE)
Figure 60. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Euro in Recycling (section 37 NACE)
Figure 61. Gross earnings in capital city and median of region’s averages, in Euro 2008
Figure 62. Labour costs in capital city and median of region’s averages in Euro, 2008
Figure 63. GDP per capita at purchasing power parity in percent of EU-27 average, 2006
Figure 64. GDP per capita at exchange rates in percent of EU-27 average, 2006
Figure 65. Effective appreciation against Euro, based on CPI inflation in percent, CEE countries 1999-2008
Figure 66. Change in REER in percent, selected countries 1998-2007
Figure 67. GDP per capita at purchasing power parities in percent of EU-27 average, selected countries 2008
Figure 68. Average compound annual rate of growth of efficiency in industrial sector, CEE and selected developed countries 1999-2008
Figure 69. Industrial output 1999-2008, 1998=100
Figure 70. Breakdown in percent of registrations under Irish PPS and British WRS schemes by country
Figure 71. GDP per capita at purchasing power parity in percent of EU-15 average
Figure 72. Effective appreciation against Euro, 1999-2008 in percent
Figure 73. Unemployment rate, selected countries April 2009
Figure 74. Change of real gross earnings in percent, CEE countries 2009-2013
Figure 75. Effective appreciation in percent, CEE countries 2009-2013
Figure 76. Total anticipated increase of earnings and labour cost in Euro terms, CEE countries 2009-2013
Figure 77. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Euro, total economy, CEE countries 2013
Figure 78. Average monthly gross earnings and labour costs in Euro, manufacturing sector, CEE countries 2013